Bazel in Apollo

Overview

Apollo uses Bazel as its underlying build system. Bazel is an open-source build and test tool with a human-readable, high-level build language suitable for medium and large projects. You may notice the WORKSPACE file under the root directory, and many BUILD, *.BUILD, workspace.bzl files in sub-directories (e.g. third_party). They are all Bazel files.

Bazel Settings in Apollo

bazelrc

The content of .bazelrc (Apollo's overall Bazel configuration) under the root directory is as follows as of this writing:

try-import %workspace%/tools/bazel.rc
try-import %workspace%/.apollo.bazelrc

tools/bazel.rc is for general settings, while .apollo.bazelrc was generated with the config sub-command of apollo.sh:

You can run

./apollo.sh config --interactive

to configure it interactively, or

./apollo.sh config --noninteractive

should be run to configure it non-interactively.

.bazelignore

Besides .bazelrc, the .bazelignore file under Apollo workspace also governs Bazel’s behavior. Similar to .gitignore, .bazelignore is used to specify directories for Bazel to ignore. Currently, the scripts, docker, docs directories were specified.

Bazel Distribution Files Directory

Within .apollo.bazelrc, two directories were specified for Bazel:

startup --output_user_root="/apollo/.cache/bazel"
common --distdir="/apollo/.cache/distdir"

The startup option --output_user_root was used to specify Bazel output directories (Ref: Bazel Docs: Output Directory Layout). We specify it within Apollo root directory so that it can be mounted into Docker container by docker/scripts/dev_start.sh together with Apollo root directory on the host.

According to Bazel Docs: Distribution Files Directories,

Using the --distdir=/path/to/directory option, you can specify additional read-only directories to look for files instead of fetching them. A file is taken from such a directory if the file name is equal to the base name of the URL and additionally the hash of the file is equal to the one specified in the download request.

Since this option is especially useful for users with not-stable-enough network connection, Apollo enabled a specific environment variable for that: APOLLO_BAZEL_DIST_DIR. You can configure it in cyber/setup.bash, and then run the following command for it to take effect.

source cyber/setup.bash
./apollo.sh config --noninteractive

Bazel Build, Test and Coverage

Please refer to Apollo Build and Test Explained.

Apollo's Special

Proto Files

In Apollo 6.0, we recommend that proto files for each module be placed under some separate directory, say, modules/a/proto.

Then you can run the following command to generate C++ and Python targets for all the proto files under that directory:

scripts/proto_build_generator.py modules/a/proto/BUILD

[Breaking Change] Python Files

Starting from Apollo 6.0, Python libraries/binaries were also managed by Bazel.

What you do in previous Apollo releases, say,

python3 modules/tools/mapshow/mapshow.py

, now should be done in either of the following approaches:

./bazel-bin/modules/tools/mapshow/mapshow # Approach #1
bazel run modules/tools/mapshow:mapshow   # Approach #2

Further Reading

Please refer to Bazel Docs for more on Bazel.

Thanks for reading!