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| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Abstract factory | Provide an interface for creating families of related or dependent objects without specifying their concrete classes. |
| Builder | Separate the construction of a complex object from its representation, allowing the same construction process to create various representations. |
| Factory method | Define an interface for creating a single object, but let subclasses decide which class to instantiate. Factory Method lets a class defer instantiation to subclasses (dependency injection[19]). |
| Lazy initialization | Tactic of delaying the creation of an object, the calculation of a value, or some other expensive process until the first time it is needed. This pattern appears in the GoF catalog as "virtual proxy", an implementation strategy for the Proxy pattern. |
| Prototype | Specify the kinds of objects to create using a prototypical instance, and create new objects from the 'skeleton' of an existing object, thus boosting performance and keeping memory footprints to a minimum. |
| Singleton | Ensure a class has only one instance, and provide a global point of access to it. |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Adapter | Convert the interface of a class into another interface clients expect. An adapter lets classes work together that could not otherwise because of incompatible interfaces. The enterprise integration pattern equivalent is the translator. |
| Bridge | Decouple an abstraction from its implementation allowing the two to vary independently. |
| Compose objects into tree structures to represent part-whole hierarchies. Composite lets clients treat individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly. | |
| Decorator | Attach additional responsibilities to an object dynamically keeping the same interface. Decorators provide a flexible alternative to subclassing for extending functionality. |
| Facade | Provide a unified interface to a set of interfaces in a subsystem. Facade defines a higher-level interface that makes the subsystem easier to use. |
| Use sharing to support large numbers of similar objects efficiently. | |
| Proxy | Provide a surrogate or placeholder for another object to control access to it. |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Chain of responsibility | Avoid coupling the sender of a request to its receiver by giving more than one object a chance to handle the request. Chain the receiving objects and pass the request along the chain until an object handles it. |
| Command | Encapsulate a request as an object, thereby allowing for the parameterization of clients with different requests, and the queuing or logging of requests. It also allows for the support of undoable operations. |
| Given a language, define a representation for its grammar along with an interpreter that uses the representation to interpret sentences in the language. | |
| Iterator | Provide a way to access the elements of an aggregate object sequentially without exposing its underlying representation. |
| Mediator | Define an object that encapsulates how a set of objects interact. Mediator promotes loose coupling by keeping objects from referring to each other explicitly, and it allows their interaction to vary independently. |
| Without violating encapsulation, capture and externalize an object's internal state allowing the object to be restored to this state later. | |
| Observer or Publish/subscribe | Define a one-to-many dependency between objects where a state change in one object results in all its dependents being notified and updated automatically. |
| State | Allow an object to alter its behavior when its internal state changes. The object will appear to change its class. |
| Strategy | Define a family of algorithms, encapsulate each one, and make them interchangeable. Strategy lets the algorithm vary independently from clients that use it. |
| Template method | Define the skeleton of an algorithm in an operation, deferring some steps to subclasses. Template method lets subclasses redefine certain steps of an algorithm without changing the algorithm's structure. |
| Visitor | Represent an operation to be performed on the elements of an object structure. Visitor lets a new operation be defined without changing the classes of the elements on which it operates. |
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