5 Star 1 Fork 430

OH_IPC / communication_ipc

forked from OpenHarmony / communication_ipc 
加入 Gitee
与超过 1200万 开发者一起发现、参与优秀开源项目,私有仓库也完全免费 :)
免费加入
克隆/下载
贡献代码
同步代码
取消
提示: 由于 Git 不支持空文件夾,创建文件夹后会生成空的 .keep 文件
Loading...
README
Apache-2.0

IPC/RPC组件

简介

IPC(Inter-Process Communication)与RPC(Remote Procedure Call)机制用于实现跨进程通信,不同的是前者使用Binder驱动,用于设备内的跨进程通信,而后者使用软总线驱动,用于跨设备跨进程通信。IPC和RPC通常采用客户端-服务器(Client-Server)模型,服务请求方(Client)可获取提供服务提供方(Server)的代理 (Proxy),并通过此代理读写数据来实现进程间的数据通信。通常,系统能力(System Ability)Server侧会先注册到系统能力管理者(System Ability Manager,缩写SAMgr)中,SAMgr负责管理这些SA并向Client提供相关的接口。Client要和某个具体的SA通信,必须先从SAMgr中获取该SA的代理,然后使用代理和SA通信。三方应用可以使用FA提供的接口绑定服务提供方的Ability,获取代理,进行通信。下文使用Proxy表示服务请求方,Stub表示服务提供方。

系统架构

图 1 IPC通信机制架构图

目录

/foundation/communication/ipc
├── interfaces        # 对外接口存放目录
│   └── innerkits     # 对内部子系统暴露的头文件存放目录
│       ├── ipc_core     # ipc 接口存放目录
│       └── libdbinder   # dbinder 接口存放目录
├── ipc            # ipc 框架代码
│   ├── native     # ipc native 实现存放目录
│       ├── src    # ipc native 源代码存放目录
│       └── test   # ipc native 单元测试用例存放目录
│   └── test       # ipc native 模块测试用例存放目录
├── service        # dbinder 实现存放目录
│   └── dbinder    # dbinder 源代码存放目录

约束

  1. 单个设备上跨进程通信时,传输的数据量最大约为1MB,过大的数据量请使用匿名共享内存。
  2. 不支持把跨设备的Proxy对象传递回该Proxy对象所指向的Stub对象所在的设备。

编译构建

JS侧依赖

import rpc from "@ohos.rpc"
import featureAbility from "@ohos.ability.featureAbility"

Native侧编译依赖

sdk依赖:

external_deps = [
  "ipc:ipc_core",
]

此外, IPC/RPC依赖的refbase实现在公共基础库实现//utils下,请增加对utils的源码依赖:

deps = [
  "//utils/native/base:utils",
]

说明

JS侧实现跨进程通信基本步骤:

  1. 获取代理

    使用ohos.ability.featureAbility提供的connectAbility方法绑定Ability,在参数里指定要绑定的Ability所在应用的包名、组件名,如果是跨设备的情况,还需要指定所在设备的ID。用户需要在服务端的onConnect方法里返回一个继承自ohos.rpc.RemoteObject的对象,此对象会在onRemoteRequest方法里接收到请求。

  2. 发送请求

    客户端在connectAbility参数指定的回调函数接收到代理对象后,使用ohos.rpc模块提供的方法完成RPC通信,其中MessageParcel提供了读写各种类型数据的方法,IRemoteObject提供了发送请求的方法,RemoteObject提供了处理请求的方法onRemoteRequest,用户需要重写。

Native侧实现跨进程通信的基本步骤:

  1. 定义接口类

    接口类继承IRemoteBroker,定义描述符、业务函数和消息码。

  2. 实现服务提供端(Stub)

    Stub继承IRemoteStub(Native),除了接口类中未实现方法外,还需要实现AsObject方法及OnRemoteRequest方法。

  3. 实现服务请求端(Proxy)

    Proxy继承IRemoteProxy(Native),封装业务函数,调用SendRequest将请求发送到Stub。

  4. 注册SA

    服务提供方所在进程启动后,申请SA的唯一标识,将Stub注册到SAMgr。

  5. 获取SA

  6. 通过SA的标识和设备标识,从SAMgr获取Proxy,通过Proxy实现与Stub的跨进程通信。

接口说明

表 1 JS侧IPC关键API

模块 方法 功能说明
ohos.ability.featureAbility connectAbility(request: Want, options:ConnectOptions ): number 绑定指定的Ability,在回调函数里接收代理对象
ohos.rpc.RemoteObject onRemoteRequest(code: number, data: MessageParcel, reply: MessageParcel, options: MessageOption): boolean 服务端处理请求,返回结果
ohos.rpc.IRemoteObject sendRequest(code: number, data: MessageParcel, reply: MessageParcel, options: MessageOption): Promise 发送请求,在期约里接收结果
ohos.rpc.IRemoteObject sendRequest(code: number, data: MessageParcel, reply: MessageParcel, options: MessageOption, callback: AsyncCallback): void 发送请求,在回调函数里接收结果
ohos.rpc.MessageParcel writeRemoteObject(object: IRemoteObject): boolean 序列化IRemoteObject对象
ohos.rpc.MessageParcel readRemoteObject(): IRemoteObject 反序列化IRemoteObject对象

表 2 Native侧IPC接口

类/接口

方法

功能说明

IRemoteBroker

sptr<IRemoteObject> AsObject()

返回通信对象。派生类需要实现,Stub端返回RemoteObject对象本身,Proxy端返回代理对象。

IRemoteStub

virtual int OnRemoteRequest(uint32_t code, MessageParcel &data, MessageParcel &reply, MessageOption &option)

请求处理方法,派生类需要重写,处理Proxy的请求并返回结果。

IRemoteProxy

  

业务Proxy类派生自IRemoteProxy类。

使用说明

JS侧使用说明

  1. 客户端构造变量want,指定要绑定的Ability所在应用的包名、组件名,如果是跨设备的场景,还需要目标设备ID。构造变量connect,指定绑定成功、绑定失败、断开连接时的回调函数。使用featureAbility提供的接口绑定Ability。

    import rpc from "@ohos.rpc"
    import featureAbility from "@ohos.ability.featureAbility"
    
    let proxy = null
    let connectId = null
    
    // 单个设备
    let want = {
        // 包名和组件名写实际的值
        "bundleName": "ohos.rpc.test.server",
        "abilityName": "ohos.rpc.test.server.ServiceAbility",
    }
    let connect = {
        onConnect:function(elementName, remote) {
            proxy = remote
        },
        onDisconnect:function(elementName) {
        },
        onFailed:function() {
            proxy = null
        }
    }
    connectId = featureAbility.connectAbility(want, connect)
    
    // 如果是跨设备绑定,可以使用deviceManager获取目标设备ID
    import deviceManager from '@ohos.distributedHardware.deviceManager'
    function deviceManagerCallback(deviceManager) {
        let deviceList = deviceManager.getTrustedDeviceListSync()
        let deviceId = deviceList[0].deviceId
        let want = {
            "bundleName": "ohos.rpc.test.server",
            "abilityName": "ohos.rpc.test.service.ServiceAbility",
            "deviceId": deviceId,
            "flags": 256
        }
        connectId = featureAbility.connectAbility(want, connect)
    }
    // 第一个参数是本应用的包名,第二个参数是接收deviceManager的回调函数
    deviceManager.createDeviceManager("ohos.rpc.test", deviceManagerCallback)
  2. 服务端被绑定的Ability在onConnect方法里返回继承自rpc.RemoteObject的对象,该对象需要实现onRemoteRequest方法,处理客户端的请求。

    import rpc from "@ohos.rpc"
    onConnect(want) {
        return new Stub("rpcTestAbility")
    }
    class Stub extends rpc.RemoteObject {
        constructor(descriptor) {
            super(descriptor)
        }
        onRemoteRequest(code, data, reply, option) {
            // 根据code处理客户端的请求
            return true
        }
    }
  3. 客户端在onConnect回调里接收到代理对象,调用sendRequest方法发起请求,在期约或者回调函数里接收结果。

    import rpc from "@ohos.rpc"
    // 使用期约
    let option = new rpc.MessageOption()
    let data = rpc.MessageParcel.create()
    let reply = rpc.MessageParcel.create()
    // 往data里写入参数
    proxy.sendRequest(1, data, reply, option)
        .then(function(result) {
            if (result.errCode != 0) {
                console.error("send request failed, errCode: " + result.errCode)
                return
            }
            // 从result.reply里读取结果
        })
        .catch(function(e) {
            console.error("send request got exception: " + e)
        }
        .finally(() => {
            data.reclaim()
            reply.reclaim()
        })
    
    // 使用回调函数
    function sendRequestCallback(result) {
        try {
            if (result.errCode != 0) {
                console.error("send request failed, errCode: " + result.errCode)
                return
            }
            // 从result.reply里读取结果
        } finally {
            result.data.reclaim()
            result.reply.reclaim()
        }
    }
    let option = new rpc.MessageOption()
    let data = rpc.MessageParcel.create()
    let reply = rpc.MessageParcel.create()
    // 往data里写入参数
    proxy.sendRequest(1, data, reply, option, sendRequestCallback)
  4. IPC通信结束后,使用featureAbility的接口断开连接。

    import rpc from "@ohos.rpc"
    import featureAbility from "@ohos.ability.featureAbility"
    function disconnectCallback() {
        console.info("disconnect ability done")
    }
    featureAbility.disconnectAbility(connectId, disconnectCallback)

Native侧使用说明

  1. 定义IPC接口ITestAbility

    IPC接口继承IPC基类接口IRemoteBroker,接口里定义描述符、业务函数和消息码,其中业务函数在Proxy端和Stub端都需要实现。

    class ITestAbility : public IRemoteBroker {
    public:
    // DECLARE_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR是必须的, 入参需使用std::u16string;
    DECLARE_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR(u"test.ITestAbility"); // DESCRIPTOR接口描述符建议使用"组件名.类名"的格式
    int TRANS_ID_PING_ABILITY = 1; // 定义消息码
    virtual int TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy) = 0; // 定义业务函数
    };
  2. 定义和实现服务端TestAbilityStub

    该类是和IPC框架相关的实现,需要继承 IRemoteStub<ITestAbility>。Stub端作为接收请求的一端,需重写OnRemoteRequest方法用于接收客户端调用。

    class TestAbilityStub : public IRemoteStub<ITestAbility> {
    public:
        virtual int OnRemoteRequest(uint32_t code, MessageParcel &data, MessageParcel &reply, MessageOption &option) override;
        int TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy) override;
    };
     
    int TestServiceStub::OnRemoteRequest(uint32_t code,
        MessageParcel &data, MessageParcel &reply, MessageOption &option)
    {
        if (data.ReadInterfaceToken() != GetDescriptor()) { //校验是否为本服务的接口描述符,避免中继攻击
            return -1;
        }
        switch (code) {
            case TRANS_ID_PING_ABILITY: {
                std::u16string dummy = data.ReadString16();
                int result = TestPingAbility(dummy);
                reply.WriteInt32(result);
                return 0;
            }
            default:
                return IPCObjectStub::OnRemoteRequest(code, data, reply, option);
        }
    }
  3. 定义服务端业务函数具体实现类TestAbility

    class TestAbility : public TestAbilityStub {
    public:
        int TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy);
    }
    
    int TestAbility::TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy) {
        return 0;
    }
  4. 定义和实现客户端TestAbilityProxy

    该类是Proxy端实现,继承IRemoteProxy<ITestAbility>,调用SendRequest接口向Stub端发送请求,对外暴露服务端提供的能力。

    class TestAbilityProxy : public IRemoteProxy<ITestAbility> {
    public:
        explicit TestAbilityProxy(const sptr<IRemoteObject> &impl);
        int TestPingService(const std::u16string &dummy) override;
    private:
        static inline BrokerDelegator<TestAbilityProxy> delegator_; // 方便使用iface_cast宏
    }
    
    TestAbilityProxy::TestAbilityProxy(const sptr<IRemoteObject> &impl)
        : IRemoteProxy<ITestAbility>(impl)
    {
    }
    
    int TestAbilityProxy::TestPingService(const std::u16string &dummy) {
        MessageOption option;
        MessageParcel dataParcel, replyParcel;
        if(!dataParcel.WriteInterfaceToken(GetDescriptor())) { //所有对外接口的proxy实现都要写入接口描述符,用于stub端检验
            return -1;
        }
        if(!dataParcel.WriteString16(dummy)) {
            return -1;
        }
        int error = Remote()->SendRequest(TRANS_ID_PING_ABILITY, dataParcel, replyParcel, option);
        int result = (error == ERR_NONE) ? replyParcel.ReadInt32() : -1;
        return result;
    }
  5. 同步调用与异步调用

    essageOption作为发送接口(原型如下)的入参,可设定同步(TF_SYNC)、异步(TF_ASYNC)、接收FD(TF_ACCEPT_FDS),默认情况下设定为同步,其余可通过MessageOption构造方法或void SetFlags(int flags)设定。

    int SendRequest(uint32_t code, MessageParcel &data,
        MessageParcel &reply, MessageOption &option) override;
    MessageOption option = { MessageOption::TF_ASYNC };
  6. SA注册与启动

    SA需要将自己的TestAbilityStub实例通过AddSystemAbility接口注册到SystemAbilityManager,设备内与分布式的注册参数不同。

    // 注册到本设备内
    auto samgr = SystemAbilityManagerClient::GetInstance().GetSystemAbilityManager();
    samgr->AddSystemAbility(said, new TestAbility());
    
    // 在组网场景下,会被同步到其他设备上
    auto samgr = SystemAbilityManagerClient::GetInstance().GetSystemAbilityManager();
    ISystemAbilityManager::SAExtraProp saExtra;
    saExtra.isDistributed = true; // 设置为分布式SA
    int result = samgr->AddSystemAbility(said, new TestAbility(), saExtra);
  7. SA获取与调用

    通过SystemAbilityManager的GetSystemAbility方法可获取到对应SA的代理IRemoteObject,然后构造TestAbilityProxy即可。

    // 获取本设备内注册的SA的proxy
    sptr<ISystemAbilityManager> samgr = SystemAbilityManagerClient::GetInstance().GetSystemAbilityManager();
    sptr<IRemoteObject> remoteObject = samgr->GetSystemAbility(said);
    sptr<ITestAbility> testAbility = iface_cast<ITestAbility>(remoteObject); // 使用iface_cast宏转换成具体类型
    
    // 获取其他设备注册的SA的Proxy
    sptr<ISystemAbilityManager> samgr = SystemAbilityManagerClient::GetInstance().GetSystemAbilityManager();
    sptr<IRemoteObject> remoteObject = samgr->GetSystemAbility(sdid, deviceId); // deviceId是指定设备的标识符
    sptr<TestAbilityProxy> proxy(new TestAbilityProxy(remoteObject)); // 直接构造具体Proxy

相关仓

分布式软总线子系统

communication_ipc

utils

utils_native

distributedschedule_samgr

Apache License Version 2.0, January 2004 http://www.apache.org/licenses/ TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 1. Definitions. "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document. "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License. "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity. "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License. "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files. "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types. "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below). "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof. "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution." "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work. 2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form. 3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed. 4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You meet the following conditions: (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License. You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License. 5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions. 6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file. 7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License. 8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages. 9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

简介

Inter-process communication (IPC) and Remote Procedure Call (RPC) | 跨进程通信与跨设备的远程过程调用 展开 收起
Apache-2.0
取消

发行版

暂无发行版

贡献者

全部

近期动态

加载更多
不能加载更多了
1
https://gitee.com/OH_IPC/communication_ipc.git
git@gitee.com:OH_IPC/communication_ipc.git
OH_IPC
communication_ipc
communication_ipc
master_IPC_0207

搜索帮助