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Scaling DevOps / maturity

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中大型组织 DevOps 成熟度模型

规模化 DevOps 的四大基石

高效协同。协同指的是人与人之前的协同,即业务与技术、技术与技术、技术与测试、测试与运维等。在标准化上,我们关注于:协作设计,从流程上尽可能减少浪费;组织/团队治理,优化团队与组织结构。在平台上,我们关注于:需求管理,保障需求过程的概念完整性传递,如分析、拆分、协作;指标化改进;即将协同平台作为度量指标的展示平台,用于持续性的改进,诸如于技术技术债等。

持续交付。持续交付是指能够按需快速、安全且可持续地发布各种类型的更改。在标准化上,我们关注于:服务化架构,即实现类似于微服务架构、服务导向架构的架构化方式,实现技术架构能快速响应业务变化;版本管理,即从源码源头开始对版本进行标准化,通过分支管理、语义化版本等方式实现。在工具上,我们关注于:灵活变更,即通过平台管理变更与制品;持续部署,则是与变更相关关联的持续集成与部署。

质量保障。质量保障是指为最终用户提供高质量的软件产品。在标准化上,我们关注于:测试策略,即结对质量左移设计测试生命周期,设计测试分层模型进行指标化引导 ;测试方式,定义自动化测试、手动测试的类型、时机、准出标准等。在平台化上,我们关注于:测试管理,诸如于用例管理与设计、测试数据管理;质量安全,则是针对于代码、环境等进行自动化质量与安全相关的扫描。

环境支撑。环境支撑是指用于支撑体系所需要的基础设施与运维体系。在标准化上,我们关注于:配置管理,即将基础设施代码化后,进行相应的基线配置管理、应用配置等;资源管理,即对环境的管理,以及各环节所需要的资源和环境进行管理。在平台上,我们关注于:部署管理,即对于发布环境的管理,以及诸如灰度发布等高级部署方式的管理;运维自动化,在运维上进行自动化的监控和警告,并支持更好的弹性发布,诸如于高可用性等。

级别定义

对于规模化的组织来说,我们只需要 4 个级别,即只存在 2~5 个级别。从流程标准化和平台化,我们已经消灭级别 1 的存在,它们都是不合规的。与此同时,从标准化和平台化的层面来看,事实上,我们也不存在级别 5,因为它们过于灵活和超前。

所以,它只需要三级模型:

Level 2,规范化。从原始需求的产生到需求的上线,全部遵循组织内定义的规模标准。需求协作的过程透明化,流程明确,流转自动化;持续交付上,采用组织所定义的实践,如语义化版本,制品来源与产出可信等;在质量上,采用依据组织定义的模型设计测试策略等;在环境上,平台能支撑起规范化所需要的设计。

Level 3,平台标准化与自动化。将规范化的内容,逐一在平台上进行标准化,即定义多种技术实践,只能从中二选一,或者三选一。四大基石,都通过这一系列标准来进行自动化。唯一值得商榷的一点是持续交付上,我们需要一个松耦合的架构,才能支撑起单个团队的快速交付,诸如于微服务架构、插件化架构等。

Level 4,指标驱动与自动改进。建立一系列的度量模型,对于软件开发过程进行全面的度量。与此同时,团队与平台根据这些定义的对系统和平台进行优化。如在环境支撑上,对于应用状态的实时监控,实现自动化弹性。

对于第 5 级来说,视不同的组织情况,略有不同。如我们所定义的是:

Level 5,云研发架构。构建基于云端开发时的基础设施架构,诸如于云研发架构、Serverless、Typeflow、Darklang 等,实现基础设施的自动化与架构的高度解耦。在质量上,对运行时监控,实现自动化测试编写,对代码进行静态分析,实现精益测试;在协同上,通过构建领域特定语言,实现需求生成代码骨架;在环境上,自动实现灰度发布等特性。

如何使用

使用步骤如下:

  1. 组织根据自己的需求,补充表格中的不同级别成熟度模型。
  2. 使用表格中的各类评估模型来设计子维度,如测试策略评估模型。
  3. 寻找试点团队,评估和验证成熟度模型是匹配。

表格中的示例,还在继续编写中。

在线预览:

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Scaling Devops

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