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README
LGPL-2.1

fal:Flash 抽象层

1、介绍

FAL (Flash Abstraction Layer) Flash 抽象层,是对 Flash 及基于 Flash 的分区进行管理、操作的抽象层,对上层统一了 Flash 及 分区操作的 API ,并具有以下特性:

  • 支持静态可配置的分区表,并可关联多个 Flash 设备;
  • 分区表支持 自动装载 。避免在多固件项目,分区表被多次定义的问题;
  • 代码精简,对操作系统 无依赖 ,可运行于裸机平台,比如对资源有一定要求的 Bootloader;
  • 统一的操作接口。保证了文件系统、OTA、NVM(例如:EasyFlash) 等对 Flash 有一定依赖的组件,底层 Flash 驱动的可重用性;
  • 自带基于 Finsh/MSH 的测试命令,可以通过 Shell 按字节寻址的方式操作(读写擦) Flash 或分区,方便开发者进行调试、测试;

FAL 框架图如下:

FAL 框架图

1.1 目录结构

名称 说明
inc 头文件目录
src 源代码目录
samples 例程目录

1.2 许可证

fal package 遵循 LGPLv2.1 许可,详见 LICENSE 文件。

1.3 依赖

对 RT-Thread 无依赖,也可用于裸机。

测试命令功能需要依赖 RT-Thread Finsh/MSH

2、如何打开 fal

使用 fal package 需要在 RT-Thread 的包管理器中选择它,具体路径如下:

RT-Thread online packages
    system packages --->
        --- fal: Flash Abstraction Layer implement. Manage flash device and partition.
        [*]   Enable debug log output
        [*]   FAL partition table config has defined on 'fal_cfg.h'
        (onchip) The flash device which saving partition table
        (65536) The patition table end address relative to flash device offset.
        [ ]   FAL uses SFUD drivers
        (norflash0) The name of the device used by FAL (NEW)
                version (latest)  --->

每个功能的配置说明如下:

  • 开启调试日志输出(默认开启);
  • 分区表是否在 fal_cfg.h 中定义(默认开启)。如果关闭此选项,fal 将会自动去指定 Flash 的指定位置去检索并装载分区表,具体配置详见下面两个选项;
    • 存放分区表的 Flash 设备;
    • 分区表的 结束地址 位于 Flash 设备上的偏移。fal 将从此地址开始往回进行检索分区表,直接读取到 Flash 顶部。如果不确定分区表具体位置,这里也可以配置为 Flash 的结束地址,fal 将会检索整个 Flash,检索时间可能会增加。
  • 启用 FAL 针对 SFUD 的移植文件(默认关闭);
    • 应输入调用 rt_sfud_flash_probe 函数时传入的 FLASH 设备名称(也可以通过 list_device 命令查看 Block Device 的名字获取)。该名称与分区表中的 Flash 名称对应,只有正确设置设备名字,才能完成对 FLASH 的读写操作。

然后让 RT-Thread 的包管理器自动更新,或者使用 pkgs --update 命令更新包到 BSP 中。

3、使用 fal

使用 fal 前需要对项目的 Flash 进行移植工作,移植的文档位于: /samples/porting/README.md 。移植完成后,调用 fal_init() 初始化该库。

3.1 常见应用

3.2 API

3.2.1 查找 Flash 设备

const struct fal_flash_dev *fal_flash_device_find(const char *name)

参数 描述
name Flash 设备名称
return 如果查找成功,将返回 Flash 设备对象,查找失败返回 NULL

3.2.2 查找 Flash 分区

const struct fal_partition *fal_partition_find(const char *name)

参数 描述
name Flash 分区名称
return 如果查找成功,将返回 Flash 分区对象,查找失败返回 NULL

3.2.3 获取分区表

const struct fal_partition *fal_get_partition_table(size_t *len)

参数 描述
len 分区表的长度
return 分区表

3.2.4 临时设置分区表

FAL 初始化时会自动装载默认分区表。使用该设置将临时修改分区表,重启后会 丢失 该设置

void fal_set_partition_table_temp(struct fal_partition *table, size_t len)

参数 描述
table 分区表
len 分区表的长度

3.2.5 从分区读取数据

int fal_partition_read(const struct fal_partition *part, uint32_t addr, uint8_t *buf, size_t size)

参数 描述
part 分区对象
addr 相对分区的偏移地址
buf 存放待读取数据的缓冲区
size 待读取数据的大小
return 返回实际读取的数据大小

3.2.6 往分区写入数据

int fal_partition_write(const struct fal_partition *part, uint32_t addr, const uint8_t *buf, size_t size)

参数 描述
part 分区对象
addr 相对分区的偏移地址
buf 存放待写入数据的缓冲区
size 待写入数据的大小
return 返回实际写入的数据大小

3.2.7 擦除分区数据

int fal_partition_erase(const struct fal_partition *part, uint32_t addr, size_t size)

参数 描述
part 分区对象
addr 相对分区的偏移地址
size 擦除区域的大小
return 返回实际擦除的区域大小

3.2.8 擦除整个分区数据

int fal_partition_erase_all(const struct fal_partition *part)

参数 描述
part 分区对象
return 返回实际擦除的区域大小

3.2.9 打印分区表

void fal_show_part_table(void)

3.2.10 根据分区名称,创建对应的块设备

该函数可以根据指定的分区名称,创建对应的块设备,以便于在指定的分区上挂载文件系统

struct rt_device *fal_blk_device_create(const char *parition_name)

参数 描述
parition_name 分区名称
return 创建成功,则返回对应的块设备,失败返回空

3.2.11 根据分区名称,创建对应的 MTD Nor Flash 设备

该函数可以根据指定的分区名称,创建对应的 MTD Nor Flash 设备,以便于在指定的分区上挂载文件系统

struct rt_device *fal_mtd_nor_device_create(const char *parition_name)

参数 描述
parition_name 分区名称
return 创建成功,则返回对应的 MTD Nor Flash 设备,失败返回空

3.2.12 根据分区名称,创建对应的字符设备

该函数可以根据指定的分区名称,创建对应的字符设备,以便于通过 deivice 接口或 devfs 接口操作分区,开启了 POSIX 后,还可以通过 oepn/read/write 函数操作分区。

struct rt_device *fal_char_device_create(const char *parition_name)

参数 描述
parition_name 分区名称
return 创建成功,则返回对应的字符设备,失败返回空

3.3 Finsh/MSH 测试命令

fal 提供了丰富的测试命令,项目只要在 RT-Thread 上开启 Finsh/MSH 功能即可。在做一些基于 Flash 的应用开发、调试时,这些命令会非常实用。它可以准确的写入或者读取指定位置的原始 Flash 数据,快速的验证 Flash 驱动的完整性,甚至可以对 Flash 进行性能测试。

具体功能如下:输入 fal 可以看到完整的命令列表

msh />fal
Usage:
fal probe [dev_name|part_name]   - probe flash device or partition by given name
fal read addr size               - read 'size' bytes starting at 'addr'
fal write addr data1 ... dataN   - write some bytes 'data' starting at 'addr'
fal erase addr size              - erase 'size' bytes starting at 'addr'
fal bench <blk_size>             - benchmark test with per block size

msh />

3.3.1 指定待操作的 Flash 设备或 Flash 分区

当第一次使用 fal 命令时,直接输入 fal probe 将会显示分区表信息。可以指定待操作的对象为分区表里的某个分区,或者某个 Flash 设备。

分区或者 Flash 被成功选中后,还将会显示它的一些属性情况。大致效果如下:

msh />fal probe    
No flash device or partition was probed.
Usage: fal probe [dev_name|part_name]   - probe flash device or partition by given name.
[I/FAL] ==================== FAL partition table ====================
[I/FAL] | name      | flash_dev    |   offset   |    length  |
[I/FAL] -------------------------------------------------------------
[I/FAL] | bl        | stm32_onchip | 0x00000000 | 0x00010000 |
[I/FAL] | app       | stm32_onchip | 0x00010000 | 0x000b0000 |
[I/FAL] | ef        | norflash0    | 0x00000000 | 0x00100000 |
[I/FAL] | download  | norflash0    | 0x00100000 | 0x00100000 |
[I/FAL] =============================================================
msh />
msh />fal probe download
Probed a flash partition | download | flash_dev: norflash0 | offset: 1048576 | len: 1048576 |.
msh />

3.3.2 擦除数据

先输入 fal erase ,后面跟着待擦除数据的起始地址以及长度。以下命令为:从 0 地址(相对 Flash 或分区)开始擦除 4096 字节数据

注意:根据 Flash 特性,擦除动作将按扇区对齐进行处理。所以,如果擦除操作地址或长度未按照 Flash 的扇区对齐,将会擦除掉与其关联的整个扇区数据。

msh />fal erase 0 4096
Erase data success. Start from 0x00000000, size is 4096.
msh />

3.3.3 写入数据

先输入 fal write ,后面跟着 N 个待写入的数据,并以空格隔开。以下命令为:从地址 8 的位置依次开始写入 1、2、3、4 、 5 这 5 个字节数据

msh />fal write 8 1 2 3 4 5
Write data success. Start from 0x00000008, size is 5.
Write data: 1 2 3 4 5 .
msh />

3.3.4 读取数据

先输入 fal read ,后面跟着待读取数据的起始地址以及长度。以下命令为:从 0 地址开始读取 64 字节数据

msh />fal read 0 64
Read data success. Start from 0x00000000, size is 64. The data is:
Offset (h) 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F
[00000000] FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 01 02 03 04 05 FF FF FF 
[00000010] FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 
[00000020] FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 
[00000030] FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 

msh />

3.3.5 性能测试

性能测试将会测试 Flash 的擦除、写入及读取速度,同时将会测试写入及读取数据的准确性,保证整个 Flash 或整个分区的 写入与读取 数据的一致性。

先输入 fal bench ,后面跟着待测试 Flash 的扇区大小(请查看对应的 Flash 手册,SPI Nor Flash 一般为 4096)。由于性能测试将会让整个 Flash 或者整个分区的数据丢失,所以命令最后必须跟 yes

msh />fal bench 4096 yes
Erasing 1048576 bytes data, waiting...
Erase benchmark success, total time: 2.674S.
Writing 1048576 bytes data, waiting...
Write benchmark success, total time: 7.107S.
Reading 1048576 bytes data, waiting...
Read benchmark success, total time: 2.716S.
msh />

4、注意事项

暂无

5、联系方式

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