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README
GPL-2.0

phytium-linux-buildroot

Buildroot是一种简单、高效且易于使用的工具,可以通过交叉编译生成嵌入式Linux系统。Buildroot的用户手册位于docs/manual/manual.pdf。
phytium-linux-buildroot基于Buildroot,适配了飞腾e2000、d2000开发板,支持ubuntu文件系统、debian文件系统、initrd文件系统、buildroot最小文件系统的编译。

开发环境

系统要求

Buildroot被设计为在Linux系统上运行,我们只支持在ubuntu20.04、ubuntu22.04、debian11这三种主机系统上运行phytium-linux-buildroot,不支持其他系统。 首先,Buildroot需要主机系统上安装如下Linux程序,请检查是否已安装:

• Build tools:
– which
– sed
– make (version 3.81 or any later)
– binutils
– build-essential (only for Debian based systems)
– gcc (version 4.8 or any later)
– g++ (version 4.8 or any later)
– bash
– patch
– gzip
– bzip2
– perl (version 5.8.7 or any later)
– tar
– cpio
– unzip
– rsync
– file (must be in /usr/bin/file)
– bc
• Source fetching tools:
– wget
– git

除此之外,还需要安装如下软件包:
$ sudo apt install debootstrap qemu-user-static binfmt-support debian-archive-keyring
对于debian11系统,需要设置PATH环境变量:PATH=$PATH:/usr/sbin

下载phytium-linux-buildroot

$ git clone https://gitee.com/phytium_embedded/phytium-linux-buildroot.git

查看支持的defconfig

为飞腾CPU平台构建的文件系统的配置文件位于configs目录。
在phytium-linux-buildroot根目录下执行$ make list-defconfigs,返回configs目录中的defconfig配置文件。

$ cd xxx/phytium-linux-buildroot
$ make list-defconfigs

其中以phytium开头的为飞腾相关的defconfig配置文件,包含:

phytium_d2000_debian_defconfig      - Build for phytium_d2000_debian
phytium_d2000_debian_desktop_defconfig - Build for phytium_d2000_debian_desktop
phytium_d2000_defconfig             - Build for phytium_d2000
phytium_d2000_ubuntu_defconfig      - Build for phytium_d2000_ubuntu
phytium_e2000_debian_defconfig      - Build for phytium_e2000_debian
phytium_e2000_debian_desktop_defconfig - Build for phytium_e2000_debian_desktop
phytium_e2000_defconfig             - Build for phytium_e2000
phytium_e2000_ubuntu_defconfig      - Build for phytium_e2000_ubuntu
phytium_e2000_ubuntu_desktop_defconfig - Build for phytium_e2000_ubuntu_desktop
phytium_initrd_defconfig            - Build for phytium_initrd

编译文件系统

为e2000编译文件系统

编译默认配置的文件系统

(1)加载defconfig
$ make phytium_e2000_xxx_defconfig
其中phytium_e2000_xxx_defconfig为以下文件系统之一:

phytium_e2000_ubuntu_defconfig
phytium_e2000_ubuntu_desktop_defconfig
phytium_e2000_defconfig
phytium_e2000_debian_defconfig
phytium_e2000_debian_desktop_defconfig

(2)编译
$ make
(3)镜像的输出位置
生成的根文件系统、内核位于output/images目录。

更换文件系统的linux内核版本

defconfig中的内核版本默认是linux 5.10。我们支持在编译文件系统时将内核版本更换为linux 4.19,linux 4.19 rt,linux 5.10 rt。 关于e2000 linux内核的信息请参考:https://gitee.com/phytium_embedded/phytium-linux-kernel
更换内核版本的操作步骤为:
(1)使用phytium_e2000_xxx_defconfig作为基础配置项,合并支持其他内核版本的配置:
$ ./support/kconfig/merge_config.sh configs/phytium_e2000_xxx_defconfig configs/phytium_e2000_linux_xxx.config
其中configs/phytium_e2000_linux_xxx.config为以下配置片段文件之一:

configs/phytium_e2000_linux_4.19.config
configs/phytium_e2000_linux_4.19_rt.config
configs/phytium_e2000_linux_5.10_rt.config

这三个文件分别对应于linux 4.19,linux 4.19 rt,linux 5.10 rt内核。
(2)编译
$ make
(3)镜像的输出位置
生成的根文件系统、内核位于output/images目录。

支持Phytium-optee

本项目还支持编译Phytium-optee,关于Phytium-optee的信息请参考:https://gitee.com/phytium_embedded/phytium-optee
defconfig默认不编译Phytium-optee,如果需要编译Phytium-optee请执行:
(1)使用phytium_e2000_xxx_defconfig作为基础配置项,合并支持optee的配置:
$ ./support/kconfig/merge_config.sh configs/phytium_e2000_xxx_defconfig configs/phytium_e2000_optee.config
目前Phytium-optee支持的开发板有e2000d demo、e2000q demo,默认配置为e2000d demo。如果需要更改,请将 configs/phytium_e2000_optee.configBR2_PACKAGE_PHYTIUM_OPTEE_BOARD变量的值修改为"e2000qdemo"
注意:phytium-linux-buildroot的最新代码已包含了Phytium-optee的依赖,如果您使用的phytium-linux-buildroot不是最新版本, 在执行编译之前需要额外安装依赖:

sudo apt install python3-pip
pip install pycryptodome
pip install pyelftools
pip install cryptography

(2)编译
$ make
(3)镜像的输出位置
生成的根文件系统、内核、TEE OS位于output/images目录。
后续部署及使用方法,请参考https://gitee.com/phytium_embedded/phytium-embedded-docs/tree/master/optee

清理编译结果

(1)$ make clean
删除所有编译结果,包括output目录下的所有内容。当编译完一个文件系统后,编译另一个文件系统前,需要执行此命令。
(2)$ make distclean
重置buildroot,删除所有编译结果、下载目录以及配置。

为d2000编译文件系统

(1)在phytium-linux-buildroot的根目录下创建files目录,将内核源码拷贝到files目录并重命名为linux-4.19.tar.gz
$ mkdir files
$ cp xxx/linux-4.19-master.tar.gz files/linux-4.19.tar.gz
(2)计算内核源码的哈希值

$ sha256sum files/linux-4.19.tar.gz
22a2345f656b0624790dcbb4b5884827c915aef00986052fd8d9677b9ee6b50e  files/linux-4.19.tar.gz

编辑linux/linux.hash文件,将linux-4.19.tar.gz对应行的哈希值修改为刚刚计算的哈希值,如下所示:
sha256 22a2345f656b0624790dcbb4b5884827c915aef00986052fd8d9677b9ee6b50e linux-4.19.tar.gz
注意:每次更新files目录里面的内核源码,都需要同时修改linux/linux.hash里面内核源码对应的哈希值,这是为了验证files目录中的文件与dl目录中的文件一致。
(3)配置及编译initrd

$ make phytium_initrd_defconfig 
$ make 

(4)将编译好的initrd备份保存
$ cp xxx/phytium-linux-buildroot/output/images/rootfs.cpio.gz ~/initrd
(5)清理编译结果
$ make clean
(6)配置以下文件系统之一:
$ make phytium_d2000_ubuntu_defconfig
$ make phytium_d2000_defconfig
$ make phytium_d2000_debian_defconfig
$ make phytium_d2000_debian_desktop_defconfig
(7)编译文件系统
$ make
(8)镜像的输出位置
生成的根文件系统、内核位于output/images目录。

在开发板上启动文件系统

在e2000开发板上启动文件系统

使用U-Boot启动文件系统

(1)主机端将SATA盘或U盘分成两个分区(以主机识别设备名为/dev/sdb 为例,请按实际识别设备名更改)
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

(2)主机端将内核和设备树拷贝到第一个分区,将根文件系统拷贝到第二个分区

$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2
$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
$ sudo cp xxx/phytium-linux-buildroot/output/images/Image /mnt
$ sudo cp xxx/phytium-linux-buildroot/output/images/e2000q-demo-board.dtb /mnt
$ sync
$ sudo umount /dev/sdb1
$ sudo mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt
$ sudo cp xxx/phytium-linux-buildroot/output/images/rootfs.tar /mnt
$ cd /mnt
$ sudo tar xvf rootfs.tar
$ sync
$ cd ~
$ sudo umount /dev/sdb2

(3)SATA盘或U盘接到开发板,启动开发板电源,串口输出U-Boot命令行,设置U-Boot环境变量,启动文件系统
SATA盘:

=>setenv bootargs console=ttyAMA1,115200  audit=0 earlycon=pl011,0x2800d000 root=/dev/sda2 rw; 
=>ext4load scsi 0:1 0x90100000 Image;
=>ext4load scsi 0:1 0x90000000 e2000q-demo-board.dtb;
=>booti 0x90100000 - 0x90000000

U盘:

=>setenv bootargs console=ttyAMA1,115200  audit=0 earlycon=pl011,0x2800d000 root=/dev/sda2 rootdelay=5 rw;
=>usb start
=>ext4load usb 0:1 0x90100000 Image;
=>ext4load usb 0:1 0x90000000 e2000q-demo-board.dtb;
=>booti 0x90100000 - 0x90000000

在d2000开发板上启动文件系统

使用U-Boot启动文件系统

(1)主机端将SATA盘或U盘分成两个分区(以主机识别设备名为/dev/sdb 为例,请按实际识别设备名更改)
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

(2)主机端将内核、设备树和initrd拷贝到第一个分区,将根文件系统拷贝到第二个分区

$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2
$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
$ sudo cp xxx/phytium-linux-buildroot/output/images/Image /mnt
$ sudo cp xxx/phytium-linux-buildroot/output/images/d2000-devboard-dsk.dtb /mnt
$ sudo cp ~/initrd /mnt
$ sync
$ sudo umount /dev/sdb1
$ sudo mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt
$ sudo cp xxx/phytium-linux-buildroot/output/images/rootfs.tar /mnt
$ cd /mnt
$ sudo tar xvf rootfs.tar
$ sync
$ cd ~
$ sudo umount /dev/sdb2

(3)SATA盘或U盘接到开发板,启动开发板电源,串口输出U-Boot命令行,设置U-Boot环境变量,启动文件系统
SATA盘:

=>setenv bootargs console=ttyAMA1,115200 earlycon=pl011,0x28001000 root=/dev/sda2 rootdelay=5 rw initrd=0x93000000,85M
=>ext4load scsi 0:1 0x90100000 d2000-devboard-dsk.dtb
=>ext4load scsi 0:1 0x90200000 Image
=>ext4load scsi 0:1 0x93000000 initrd
=>booti 0x90200000 - 0x90100000

U盘:

=>setenv bootargs console=ttyAMA1,115200 earlycon=pl011,0x28001000 root=/dev/sda2 rootdelay=5 rw initrd=0x93000000,85M
=>usb start
=>ext4load usb 0:1 0x90100000 d2000-devboard-dsk.dtb
=>ext4load usb 0:1 0x90200000 Image
=>ext4load usb 0:1 0x93000000 initrd
=>booti 0x90200000 - 0x90100000

ubuntu系统安装桌面

e2000 ubuntu系统安装桌面

phytium_e2000_ubuntu_desktop_defconfig默认安装了xfce桌面,配置并编译它就可以获得带xfce桌面的 ubuntu系统。如果需要在开发板上安装其他桌面,重新配置并编译phytium_e2000_ubuntu_defconfig, 然后在开发板启动这个不带桌面的ubuntu系统:

登录

ubuntu系统包含了超级用户root,和一个普通用户user,密码和用户名相同。

动态获取 IP 地址

$ sudo dhclient
$ ping www.baidu.com

安装桌面

安装GNOME桌面

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt -y install ubuntu-gnome-desktop

安装KDE桌面

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt -y install kubuntu-desktop

安装XFCE桌面

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt -y install xfce4 xfce4-terminal
在安装过程中,它会要求你选择显示管理器是gdm3还是lightdm,这里选择的是lightdm。  
安装完成后重启系统,在图形登录界面点击用户名右边的ubuntu logo按钮,选择桌面环境为“Xfce Session”,输入密码登录。

d2000 ubuntu系统安装桌面

phytium_d2000_ubuntu_defconfig默认不安装桌面,如果需要安装桌面:
(1)编辑phytium_d2000_ubuntu_defconfig,将#BR2_PACKAGE_ROOTFS_DESKTOP=y取消注释
(2)重新配置并编译phytium_d2000_ubuntu_defconfig

$ make phytium_d2000_ubuntu_defconfig
$ make

ubuntu及debian系统支持linux-headers

linux-headers包含构建内核外部模块所需的头文件,编译ubuntu和debian的defconfig会生成linux-headers。
关于如何编译内核外部模块,可参考https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/kbuild/modules.html

交叉编译内核模块

编译ubuntu和debian的defconfig,会在output/target/usr/src目录中安装linux-headers-version。
使用buildroot的工具链来交叉编译内核模块,buildroot工具链位于output/host/bin,工具链的sysroot为 output/host/aarch64-buildroot-linux-gnu/sysroot

交叉编译内核外部模块的命令为:

$ make ARCH=arm64 \
CROSS_COMPILE=/home/xxx/phytium-linux-buildroot/output/host/bin/aarch64-none-linux-gnu- \
-C /home/xxx/phytium-linux-buildroot/output/target/usr/src/linux-headers-5.10.153-phytium-embeded \
M=$PWD \
modules

开发板上编译内核模块

buildroot将linux-headers-version安装在根文件系统的/usr/src目录下, 并为它创建了一个软链接/lib/modules/version/build
注意,由于linux-headers是在x86-64主机交叉编译生成的,在开发板上直接使用它编译内核模块会报错:
/bin/sh: 1: scripts/basic/fixdep: Exec format error
因此,需要将x86-64格式的fixdep等文件替换为ARM aarch64格式的(以linux 5.10内核为例):
(1)scp -r username@host:/home/xxx/phytium-linux-buildroot/board/phytium/common/linux-5.10/scripts /usr/src/linux-headers-5.10.153-phytium-embeded
(2)或者在编译ubuntu和debian的defconfig之前,将board/phytium/common/post-custom-skeleton-ubuntu-base-20.04.sh和 board/phytium/common/post-custom-skeleton-debian-base-11.sh中的如下两行取消注释,再执行编译。
# cp -r board/phytium/common/linux-5.10/scripts $destdir
# cp -r board/phytium/common/linux-4.19/scripts $destdir

在开发板上编译内核外部模块的命令为:
make -C /lib/modules/5.10.153-phytium-embeded/build M=$PWD modules

buildroot编译新的应用软件

本节简单介绍如何通过buildroot交叉编译能运行在开发板上的应用软件,完整的教程请参考buildroot用户手册manual.pdf。

buildroot软件包介绍

buildroot中所有用户态的软件包都在package目录,每个软件包有自己的目录package/<pkg>,其中<pkg>是小写的软件包名。这个目录包含:
(1)Config.in文件,用Kconfig语言编写,描述了包的配置选项。
(2)<pkg>.mk文件,用make编写,描述了包如何构建,即从哪里获取源码,如何编译和安装等。
(3)<pkg>.hash文件,提供hash值,检查下载文件的完整性,如检查下载的软件包源码是否完整,这个文件是可选的。
(4)*.patch文件,在编译之前应用于源码的补丁文件,这个文件是可选的。
(5)可能对包有用的其他文件。

编写buildroot软件包

首先创建软件包的目录package/<pkg>,然后编写该软件包中的文件。
buildroot中的软件包基本上由Config.in<pkg>.mk两个文件组成。关于如何编写这两个文件,大家可以参考package/<vpu-lib>和 buildroot用户手册,这里简单概括一下。
(1)Config.in文件中必须包含启用或禁用该包的选项,而且必须命名为BR2_PACKAGE_<PKG>,其中<PKG>是大写的软件包名,这个选项的值是布尔类型。 也可以定义其他功能选项来进一步配置该软件包。然后还必须在package/Config.in文件中包含该文件:
source "package/<pkg>/Config.in"
(2)<pkg>.mk文件看起来不像普通的Makefile文件,而是一连串的变量定义,而且必须以大写的包名作为变量的前缀。最后以调用软件包的基础结构(package infrastructure)结束。变量告诉软件包的基础结构要做什么。
对于使用手写Makefile来编译的软件源码,在<pkg>.mk中调用generic-package基础结构。generic-package基础结构实现了包的下载、提取、打补丁。 而配置、编译和安装由<pkg>.mk文件描述。<pkg>.mk文件中可以设置的变量及其含义,请参考buildroot用户手册。

编译软件包

(1)单独编译软件包

$ cd xxx/phytium-linux-buildroot
$ make <pkg>

编译结果在output/build/<pkg>-<version>

(2)将软件包编译进根文件系统

在phytium_xxx_defconfig中添加一行BR2_PACKAGE_<PKG>=y
$ make phytium_xxx_defconfig
$ make

FAQ

  1. Ubuntu文件系统桌面无法登陆问题?
文件系统启动后控制台下apt install kubuntu-desktop    
检查/home/user权限是否为user  
chown -R user:user /home/user
重新启动开发板子
  1. 播放音频没有声音?
将user用户加入audio组,可解决user用户下没声音的问题
gpasswd -a user audio
  1. 下载ubuntu及debian太慢或报错?
    目前下载ubuntu及debian的源为清华大学镜像,如果遇到下载很慢,或者下载报错: E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing? 从而导致编译的phytium_e2000_debian_desktop_defconfig或phytium_e2000_ubuntu_desktop_defconfig没有桌面问题, 请将清华源更换为中科大源,即将以下文件
board/phytium/common/post-custom-skeleton-ubuntu-base-20.04.sh
board/phytium/common/ubuntu-package-installer
board/phytium/common/post-custom-skeleton-debian-base-11.sh
board/phytium/common/debian-package-installer

中的mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn改为mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

With the exceptions below, Buildroot is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, reproduced below; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. Some files in Buildroot contain a different license statement. Those files are licensed under the license contained in the file itself. Buildroot also bundles patch files, which are applied to the sources of the various packages. Those patches are not covered by the license of Buildroot. Instead, they are covered by the license of the software to which the patches are applied. 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Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License. c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.) These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program. In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License. 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. 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If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it. 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License. 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice. This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License. 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.

简介

Buildroot是一种简单、高效且易于使用的工具,可以通过交叉编译生成嵌入式Linux系统。Buildroot的用户手册位于docs/manual/manual.pdf。 phytium-linux-buildroot基于Buildroot,适配了飞腾e2000开发板,支持ubuntu文件系统、initrd文件系统、最小文件系统的编译。 展开 收起
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